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6 Steps to Specifying Blast Products

The world of blast protection has been rapidly expanding and there are now numerous products and approaches to provide protection from attacks. Where there used to be two solutions, there may now be twenty. It is important for owners, and security and design professionals understand how to select products appropriate for their project.

This article addresses mitigation for explosions.

For explosions, the most fragile and vulnerable elements make up the façade of the building: walls, windows, doors, louvers, etc. These elements are most often not critical for the structural integrity of the building (unless the façade consists of load-bearing walls), but they can represent significant hazards to occupants in the event of an explosion. For very large or close-in exterior or interior explosions, the structure of the building can be damaged as well.

The process of specifying blast resistant products can be simplified into 6 basic steps.

The following narrative provides a very brief description of each step.

Step 1: Is Blast Design Required?

While security consultants and blast engineers can make recommendations on this subject, it is the owner who must make the final determination. Project types that may require blast protection include:

Government buildings – federal, state, and local.
Data centers.
Iconic buildings in urban environments.
Multi-national corporate headquarters.
High-Tech headquarters and offices.
Critical infrastructure.
Crowded spaces (shopping malls, movie theatres, sporting arenas, etc.).
Buildings located near any of the above.
NGO compounds in hostile environments.

The types of threats to be considered in the design should also be identified at this juncture. This includes the delivery methods (vehicle, backpack, package, etc.). These delivery methods – will help establish the locations of the threats.

Step 2: Identify Vulnerable Elements

Based on the types and locations of the blast threats, the vulnerable building elements can be identified. These elements may include:

Façade.
Perimeter structure.
Interior beams/columns/walls/slab systems (for internal or external threats).
Roof systems/skylights.
Emergency evacuation and rescue equipment.
Heavy overhead objects (art-in-architecture, high-design elements in lobbies, etc.).

Step 3: Develop Blast Design Criteria

For each type of building element, blast design criteria must be developed. The primary components of blast design criteria are:

Blast load to use for design/analysis.
Required response of the elements to the blast loads.
Confirmation of compliance methods and requirements.
Applicable existing blast design criteria documents (if any) to be used in the design.

Step 4: Identify Other Design Criteria

Other design requirements may be incompatible with certain approaches to blast resistance, and in other cases they may reduce the number of available products appropriate for a specific project. Other design criteria to consider may include:

LEED.
ADA accessibility.
Fire resistance/fire egress requirements.
Operability (e.g., with respect to windows).
Historic preservation.
Aesthetics.

Step 5: Supporting Structure Check

One of the critical things to remember when designing structures for blast resistance is that the individual building elements (e.g., door, window, wall, roof system) do not act alone. All building elements are supported in some manner, and those supportive systems must be able to withstand the blast loads transferred from the original building elements.

Step 6: Develop Specifications

Whether part of an overall construction document package or as a standalone document for one-off procurements, a well-written and complete specification is key to getting the proper blast resistant products. Specifications should include:

Blast design criteria for the element being specified.
Engineer/manufacturer/installer/testing facility qualification requirements.
Other design criteria (or reference to other specification sections).
Blast design guidelines/standards/testing standards.
Calculation/test report submittals.

Testing Manager Position

Stone Security Engineering (StoneSec) is an internationally recognized engineering consulting firm specializing in the protection of people, buildings, and structures from accidental and manmade hazards. We focus on Extreme Loading (including blast, ballistics, vehicle ramming, and forced entry resistance) and safety, engineering, and design. StoneSec has offices in New York City and the Washington DC Metro area and supports blast testing at the Stone-OBL Large-Scale Blast Test Facility outside of Bend, Oregon along with selected ballistic and forced entry testing programs at the OBL Forced Entry and Ballistics Testing facilities in Salem, Oregon.

We are looking for a Testing Manager who will be responsible for the successful, timely, and on-budget execution of blast testing programs at the Stone-OBL Large-Scale Blast Test Facility and other assigned extreme loading programs at the OBL Ballistics and Forced Entry Testing facilities. The Testing Manager will be supported by the technical and business development expertise of the blast/extreme loading and structural engineers of StoneSec.

We are looking for Testing Manager who is enthusiastic, hard-working, interested in working as part of a team, and who has an entrepreneurial spirit.

Required Qualifications

5 to 10 years’ experience with extreme loading testing programs.
Technical program management experience including managing teams of technical people.
Experience writing technical scope and fee proposals, testing plans, and test reports.
Works well in a team but does not require constant supervision.
Practical and flexible.
Strong organizational and logistics skills.
Strong verbal and written communication skills with both technical and non-technical staff, clients and contractors.
Able to travel both in-state and nationally.
US Citizen.

Preferred Qualifications